Submarine cables constitute the backbone of the Internet. However, these critical infrastructure components are vulnerable to several natural and man-made threats, and during failures, are difficult to repair in their remote oceanic environments. In spite of their crucial role, we have a limited understanding of the impact of submarine cable failures on global connectivity, particularly on the higher layers of the Internet. In this paper, we present Nautilus, a framework for cross-layer cartography of submarine cables and IP links. Using a corpus of public datasets and Internet cartographic techniques, Nautilus identifies IP links that are likely traversing submarine cables and maps them to one or more potential cables. Nautilus also gives each IP to cable assignment a prediction score that reflects the confidence in the mapping. Nautilus generates a mapping for 3.05 million and 1.43 million IPv4 and IPv6 links respectively, covering 91% of all active cables. In the absence of ground truth data, we validate Nautilus mapping using three techniques: analyzing past cable failures, using targeted traceroute measurements, and comparing with public network maps of two operators.

翻译：海底光缆构成了互联网的骨干。然而，这些关键基础设施组件易受多种自然和人为威胁，且在故障发生时，由于其位于偏远的海洋环境中而难以修复。尽管海底光缆发挥着至关重要的作用，但我们对海底光缆故障对全球连通性（尤其是互联网更高层级）的影响了解有限。本文提出Nautilus，一个用于海底光缆与IP链路跨层映射的框架。通过利用公共数据集语料库和互联网制图技术，Nautilus识别出可能穿越海底光缆的IP链路，并将其映射至一条或多条潜在光缆。同时，Nautilus为每条IP与光缆的分配赋予一个预测评分，以反映映射的置信度。Nautilus分别生成了305万条IPv4链路和143万条IPv6链路的映射，覆盖了全部活跃光缆的91%。在缺乏真实基准数据的情况下，我们通过三种技术验证Nautilus的映射：分析历史光缆故障、采用目标路径追踪测量，以及对比两家运营商的公开网络拓扑图。