Infrastructure systems play a critical role in providing essential products and services for the functioning of modern society; however, they are vulnerable to disasters and their service disruptions can cause severe societal impacts. To protect infrastructure from disasters and reduce potential impacts, great achievements have been made in modeling interdependent infrastructure systems in past decades. In recent years, scholars have gradually shifted their research focus to understanding and modeling societal impacts of disruptions considering the fact that infrastructure systems are critical because of their role in societal functioning, especially under situations of modern societies. Exploring how infrastructure disruptions impair society to enhance resilient city has become a key field of study. By comprehensively reviewing relevant studies, this paper demonstrated the definition and types of societal impact of infrastructure disruptions, and summarized the modeling approaches into four types: extended infrastructure modeling approaches, empirical approaches, agent-based approaches, and big data-driven approaches. For each approach, this paper organized relevant literature in terms of modeling ideas, advantages, and disadvantages. Furthermore, the four approaches were compared according to several criteria, including the input data, types of societal impact, and application scope. Finally, this paper illustrated the challenges and future research directions in the field.

翻译：基础设施系统为现代社会运转提供关键产品与服务，但其易受灾害影响，服务中断会引发严重社会后果。过去数十年间，为保护基础设施免受灾害并降低潜在影响，学者在相互依存基础设施系统建模领域取得了显著成就。近年来，鉴于基础设施因服务社会功能而具有关键性——特别是在现代社会情境下——研究者逐渐将重点转向理解并建模中断事件的社会影响。探究基础设施中断如何损害社会功能以提升城市韧性已成为重要研究领域。本文通过系统综述相关文献，首先阐释了基础设施中断社会影响的概念内涵与类型划分，继而将建模方法归纳为四类：扩展基础设施建模法、经验建模法、基于智能体的建模法及大数据驱动建模法。针对每类方法，本文从建模思路、优势与局限三方面梳理了相关研究成果。进而依据输入数据类型、社会影响范畴及应用场景等标准对四类方法进行了横向比较。最后，本文揭示了该领域面临的挑战与未来研究方向。