The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), known worldwide for its economic value and nutritional richness, is a widely cultivated fruit. Determining the correct ripeness level during the harvest period is crucial for both preventing losses for producers and ensuring consumers receive a quality product. However, traditional methods, i.e., visual assessments alone, can be subjective and have a high margin of error. Therefore, computer-assisted systems are needed. However, the scarcity of comprehensive datasets accessible to everyone in the literature makes it difficult to compare studies in this field. In this study, a new and publicly available strawberry ripeness dataset, consisting of 566 images and 1,201 labeled objects, prepared under variable light and environmental conditions in two different greenhouses in Turkey, is presented to the literature. Comparative tests conducted on the data set using YOLOv8, YOLOv9, and YOLO11-based models showed that the highest precision value was 90.94% in the YOLOv9c model, while the highest recall value was 83.74% in the YOLO11s model. In terms of the general performance criterion mAP@50, YOLOv8s was the best performing model with a success rate of 86.09%. The results show that small and medium-sized models work more balanced and efficiently on this type of dataset, while also establishing a fundamental reference point for smart agriculture applications.

翻译：草莓（Fragaria x ananassa）因其经济价值和营养丰富性而享誉全球，是一种广泛种植的水果。在采收期准确判断成熟度对于防止生产者损失和确保消费者获得优质产品至关重要。然而，传统方法（即仅依靠视觉评估）具有主观性且误差较大。因此，需要计算机辅助系统。然而，文献中缺乏可供所有人使用的综合性数据集，这导致该领域的研究难以进行有效比较。本研究向文献提供了一个新颖且公开可用的草莓成熟度数据集，该数据集包含566张图像和1,201个标注对象，采集自土耳其两个不同温室中变化的光照和环境条件下。使用基于YOLOv8、YOLOv9和YOLO11的模型在数据集上进行的比较测试表明，YOLOv9c模型的最高精确率达到90.94%，而YOLO11s模型的最高召回率达到83.74%。在综合性能指标mAP@50方面，YOLOv8s是表现最佳的模型，成功率为86.09%。结果表明，中小型模型在此类数据集上运行更为平衡高效，同时也为智慧农业应用建立了一个基础参考点。