N-gram matching-based evaluation metrics, such as BLEU and chrF, are widely utilized across a range of natural language generation (NLG) tasks. However, recent studies have revealed a weak correlation between these matching-based metrics and human evaluations, especially when compared with neural-based metrics like BLEURT. In this paper, we conjecture that the performance bottleneck in matching-based metrics may be caused by the limited diversity of references. To address this issue, we propose to utilize \textit{multiple references} to enhance the consistency between these metrics and human evaluations. Within the WMT Metrics benchmarks, we observe that the multi-references F200spBLEU surpasses the conventional single-reference one by an accuracy improvement of 7.2\%. Remarkably, it also exceeds the neural-based BERTscore by an accuracy enhancement of 3.9\%. Moreover, we observe that the data leakage issue in large language models (LLMs) can be mitigated to a large extent by our multi-reference metric. We release the code and data at \url{https://github.com/SefaZeng/LLM-Ref}

翻译：基于n-gram匹配的评估指标（如BLEU和chrF）被广泛应用于各类自然语言生成（NLG）任务。然而，近期研究表明，这些基于匹配的指标与人工评估之间的相关性较弱，尤其是与基于神经网络的指标（如BLEURT）相比时更为明显。本文推测，基于匹配的指标的性能瓶颈可能源于参考文本多样性不足。为解决这一问题，我们提出利用多参考（multiple references）来增强这些指标与人工评估之间的一致性。在WMT指标基准测试中，我们观察到多参考F200spBLEU相比传统单参考指标准确率提升了7.2%。值得注意的是，它还以3.9%的准确率提升超过了基于神经网络的BERTscore。此外，我们发现我们的多参考指标能在很大程度上缓解大语言模型（LLMs）中的数据泄露问题。我们在\url{https://github.com/SefaZeng/LLM-Ref}公布代码与数据。