Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) is the backbone of the Air Traffic Management (ATM) and Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) systems, ensuring safe and efficient operations of modern and future aviation. Traditionally, the CNS is considered three independent systems: communications, navigation, and surveillance. The current CNS system is fragmented, with limited integration across its three domains. Integrated CNS (ICNS) is a contemporary concept implying that those systems are provisioned through the same technology stack. ICNS is envisioned to improve service quality, spectrum efficiency, communication capacity, navigation predictability, and surveillance capabilities. The 5G technology stack offers higher throughput, lower latency, and massive connectivity compared to many existing communication technologies. This paper presents our 5G ICNS vision and network architecture and discusses how 5G technology can support integrated CNS services using terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. We also discuss key 5G radio access technologies for delivering integrated CNS services at low altitudes for Innovative Air Mobility (IAM) and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) operations. Finally, we present relevant challenges and potential research directions for further studies.

翻译：通信、导航与监视（CNS）是空中交通管理（ATM）和无人机系统交通管理（UTM）系统的核心支柱，保障着现代及未来航空的安全高效运行。传统上，CNS被视为三个独立系统：通信、导航与监视。现有CNS系统呈现碎片化特征，三大领域间的集成度有限。集成式CNS（ICNS）作为当代理念，意味着这些系统将通过统一的技术架构实现供给。ICNS有望提升服务质量、频谱效率、通信容量、导航可预测性及监视能力。相较于现有多种通信技术，5G技术架构具备更高吞吐量、更低延迟与海量连接能力。本文阐述我们提出的5G ICNS愿景与网络架构，探讨5G技术如何通过地面与非地面网络支持集成式CNS服务。同时，我们论述了为创新空中交通（IAM）和先进空中交通（AAM）低空运行提供集成式CNS服务的关键5G无线接入技术。最后，我们提出相关挑战及未来研究的潜在方向。