Ensuring that collective adaptive systems remain safe, reliable, and trustworthy requires measures that transcend so far established formal methods, and in particular established verification techniques. In this contribution, we suggest three such measures: (1) conceptual means: runs with locally confined cause and effect of events, (2) temporal logic like verification techniques that respect and exploit such runs, (3) composing system properties from properties of components. This contribution presents a case study which particularly focuses on the benefits of modularization for achieving trust by design. Further work will develop a full-fledged theory for the presented ideas.

翻译：确保集体自适应系统保持安全、可靠和值得信赖，需要超越目前已建立的正式方法（尤其是已建立的验证技术）的措施。本文提出三项此类措施：（1）概念工具：具有局部因果约束的事件运行轨迹；（2）类时序逻辑的验证技术：尊重并利用此类运行轨迹；（3）从组件属性组合系统属性。本文通过一项案例研究，特别聚焦于模块化在实现"信任源于设计"中的益处。未来工作将针对所提出的思想发展一套完备的理论。