The assumed causal relationships depicted in a DAG are interpreted using a set of rules called D-separation rules. Although these rules can be implemented automatically using standard software, at least a basic understanding of their principles is useful for properly using and interpreting DAGs in practice.

翻译：有向无环图（DAG）中假设的因果关系需通过一组称为D-分离规则的准则进行解读。尽管这些规则可通过标准软件自动执行，但对其原理的基本理解对于在实践中正确使用和解读DAG仍然至关重要。