The application of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare has gained significant attention due to their ability to process complex medical data and provide insights for clinical decision-making. These models have demonstrated substantial capabilities in understanding and generating natural language, which is crucial for medical documentation, diagnostics, and patient interaction. This review examines the trajectory of language models from their early stages to the current state-of-the-art LLMs, highlighting their strengths in healthcare applications and discussing challenges such as data privacy, bias, and ethical considerations. The potential of LLMs to enhance healthcare delivery is explored, alongside the necessary steps to ensure their ethical and effective integration into medical practice.

翻译：大型语言模型（LLMs）在医疗保健领域的应用因其处理复杂医疗数据并为临床决策提供洞见的能力而受到广泛关注。这些模型在理解和生成自然语言方面展现出强大能力，这对于医疗文档处理、诊断和患者互动至关重要。本文综述了语言模型从早期阶段到当前最先进LLMs的发展轨迹，重点阐述了其在医疗应用中的优势，并探讨了数据隐私、偏见和伦理考量等挑战。文章探讨了LLMs提升医疗服务的潜力，同时指出了确保其合乎伦理且有效融入医疗实践的必要步骤。