Quantum information, computation and communication, will have a great impact on our world. One important subfield will be quantum networking and the quantum Internet. The purpose of a quantum Internet is to enable applications that are fundamentally out of reach for the classical Internet. Quantum networks enable new capabilities to communication systems. This allows the parties to generate long distance quantum entanglement, which serves a number of tasks including the generation of multiparty shared secrets whose security relies only on the laws of physics, distributed quantum computing, improved sensing, quantum computing on encrypted data, and secure private-bid auctions. However, quantum signals are fragile, and, in general, cannot be copied or amplified. In order to enable widespread use and application development, it is essential to develop methods that allow quantum protocols to connect to the underlying hardware implementation transparently and to make fast and reactive decisions for generating entanglement in the network to mitigate limited qubit lifetimes. Architectures for large-scale quantum internetworking are in development, paralleling theoretical and experimental work on physical layers and low-level error management and connection technologies. This chapter aims to present the main concepts, challenges, and opportunities for research in quantum information, quantum computing and quantum networking.

翻译：量子信息、量子计算与量子通信将对世界产生深远影响。其中一个重要子领域是量子组网与量子互联网。量子互联网的宗旨是实现经典互联网根本无法企及的应用。量子网络为通信系统赋予了新的能力，使各方能够生成远距离量子纠缠——这一特性可实现多项任务，包括仅依赖物理定律保证安全性的多方共享秘密生成、分布式量子计算、增强型传感、加密数据量子计算以及安全私密竞价拍卖。然而，量子信号极为脆弱，且通常无法被复制或放大。为促进其广泛应用与开发，必须建立方法使量子协议能透明化地接入底层硬件实现，并快速响应式决策以在网络中生成纠缠态，从而缓解量子比特寿命受限问题。面向大规模量子网络互联的体系结构正在研发中，这与物理层、低层级错误管理及连接技术的理论与实验工作并行推进。本章旨在阐述量子信息、量子计算与量子网络研究领域的主要概念、挑战与机遇。