We investigate how people perceive ChatGPT, and, in particular, how they assign human-like attributes such as gender to the chatbot. Across five pre-registered studies (N = 1,552), we find that people are more likely to perceive ChatGPT to be male than female. Specifically, people perceive male gender identity (1) following demonstrations of ChatGPT's core abilities (e.g., providing information or summarizing text), (2) in the absence of such demonstrations, and (3) across different methods of eliciting perceived gender (using various scales and asking to name ChatGPT). Moreover, we find that this seemingly default perception of ChatGPT as male can reverse when ChatGPT's feminine-coded abilities are highlighted (e.g., providing emotional support for a user).

翻译：我们研究了人们如何感知ChatGPT，特别是如何将性别等人性化属性赋予该聊天机器人。通过五项预先注册的研究（N=1552），我们发现人们更倾向于将ChatGPT感知为男性而非女性。具体而言，人们会感知到男性性别身份：（1）在展示ChatGPT核心能力（如提供信息或总结文本）后；（2）在没有此类展示的情况下；（3）通过不同方法诱导感知性别时（使用多种量表及要求为ChatGPT命名）。此外，我们发现这种看似默认的男性化感知可能在ChatGPT展现女性化编码能力（例如为用户提供情感支持）时发生逆转。