There are significant milestones in modern human's civilization in which mankind stepped into a different level of life with a new spectrum of possibilities and comfort. From fire-lighting technology and wheeled wagons to writing, electricity and the Internet, each one changed our lives dramatically. In this paper, we take a deep look into the invasive Brain Machine Interface (BMI), an ambitious and cutting-edge technology which has the potential to be another important milestone in human civilization. Not only beneficial for patients with severe medical conditions, the invasive BMI technology can significantly impact different technologies and almost every aspect of human's life. We review the biological and engineering concepts that underpin the implementation of BMI applications. There are various essential techniques that are necessary for making invasive BMI applications a reality. We review these through providing an analysis of (i) possible applications of invasive BMI technology, (ii) the methods and devices for detecting and decoding brain signals, as well as (iii) possible options for stimulating signals into human's brain. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of invasive BMI for further development in the area.

翻译：人类文明发展历程中有诸多重要里程碑，使人类得以迈入拥有全新可能性与舒适性的生活境界。从取火技术、轮式马车到文字、电力与互联网，每一次技术革新都彻底改变了人类生活。本文深入探讨侵入式脑机接口（BMI）这一雄心勃勃的前沿技术，它有望成为人类文明史上的又一座重要里程碑。侵入式BMI技术不仅惠及重症患者，更将对各类技术乃至人类生活的方方面面产生深远影响。我们系统梳理了支撑BMI应用实现的生物学与工程学基础概念。实现侵入式BMI应用需要多种关键技术，为此我们通过以下三个维度展开分析：（i）侵入式BMI技术的潜在应用场景，（ii）脑信号检测与解码的方法与设备，以及（iii）向人脑输入刺激信号的可行方案。最后讨论该领域未来发展面临的挑战与机遇。