In the past decade, open science and science of science communities have initiated innovative efforts to address concerns about the reproducibility and replicability of published scientific research. In some respects, these efforts have been successful, yet there are still many pockets of researchers with little to no familiarity with these concerns, subsequent responses, or best practices for engaging in reproducible, replicable, and reliable scholarship. In this work, we survey 430 professors from Universities across the USA and India to understand perspectives on scientific processes and identify key points for intervention. Our findings reveal both national and disciplinary gaps in attention to reproducibility and replicability, aggravated by incentive misalignment and resource constraints. We suggest that solutions addressing scientific integrity should be culturally-centered, where definitions of culture should include both regional and domain-specific elements.

翻译：过去十年间，开放科学与科学学研究社群已启动创新举措，以应对对已发表科研结果可复现性与可重复性的关切。从某些方面看，这些努力已取得成效，但仍有大量研究人员对这些议题、后续应对措施及可复现、可重复、可靠学术实践的最佳方案缺乏基本认知。本研究调查了美国和印度高校430位教授对科学流程的见解，并识别出关键干预节点。研究结果揭示出可复现性与可重复性关注度在国家层面和学科层面均存在差异，且因激励机制错位与资源约束而加剧。我们建议，解决科研诚信问题的方案应当以文化为核心，其中文化定义需兼具地域特性与学科特异性要素。