Since Siri's release in 2011 there have been a growing number of AI-driven domestic voice assistants that are increasingly being integrated into devices such as smartphones and TVs. But as their presence has expanded, a range of ethical concerns has been identified around the use of voice assistants, such as the privacy implications of having devices that are always listening and the ways that these devices are integrated into the existing social order of the home. This has created a burgeoning area of research across a range of fields including computer science, social science, and psychology. This paper takes stock of the foundations and frontiers of this work through a systematic literature review of 117 papers on ethical concerns with voice assistants. In addition to analysis of nine specific areas of concern, the review measures the distribution of methods and participant demographics across the literature. We show how some concerns, such as privacy, are operationalized to a much greater extent than others like accessibility, and how study participants are overwhelmingly drawn from a small handful of Western nations. In so doing we hope to provide an outline of the rich tapestry of work around these concerns and highlight areas where current research efforts are lacking.

翻译：自2011年Siri发布以来，越来越多由人工智能驱动的家用语音助手被整合到智能手机和电视等设备中。但随着其普及程度扩大，围绕语音助手使用的一系列伦理问题逐渐浮现，例如始终处于监听状态的设备所引发的隐私问题，以及这些设备如何融入家庭现有社会秩序的方式。这在计算机科学、社会科学和心理学等多个领域催生出一个新兴研究领域。本文通过对117篇关于语音助手伦理问题的论文进行系统文献综述，梳理了该研究领域的基础与前沿。除分析九个具体伦理关注领域外，本综述还衡量了各类文献中研究方法的分布与参与者人口统计学特征。研究表明，隐私等部分伦理问题的可操作化程度远高于无障碍性等其他问题，且研究参与者绝大多数来自少数西方国家。借此，我们希望勾勒出围绕这些伦理问题的丰富研究图景，并指出现有研究工作的薄弱环节。