Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is an enhancement of Ethernet which provides various mechanisms for real-time communication. Time-triggered (TT) traffic represents periodic data streams with strict real-time requirements. Amongst others, TSN supports scheduled transmission of TT streams, i.e., the transmission of their frames by end stations is coordinated in such a way that none or very little queuing delay occurs in intermediate nodes. TSN supports multiple priority queues per egress port. The TAS uses so-called gates to explicitly allow and block these queues for transmission on a short periodic timescale. The TAS is utilized to protect scheduled traffic from other traffic to minimize its queuing delay. In this work, we consider scheduling in TSN which comprises the computation of periodic transmission instants at end stations and the periodic opening and closing of queue gates. In this paper, we first give a brief overview of TSN features and standards. We state the TSN scheduling problem and explain common extensions which also include optimization problems. We review scheduling and optimization methods that have been used in this context. Then, the contribution of currently available research work is surveyed. We extract and compile optimization objectives, solved problem instances, and evaluation results. Research domains are identified, and specific contributions are analyzed. Finally, we discuss potential research directions and open problems.

翻译：时间敏感网络是对以太网的增强，为实时通信提供了多种机制。时间触发流量代表具有严格实时要求的周期性数据流。除其他机制外，时间敏感网络支持时间触发流的调度传输，即协调终端站发送其帧的方式，使中间节点中不产生或产生极小的排队延迟。时间敏感网络为每个出口端口支持多个优先级队列。时间感知整形器使用所谓的门控，在短周期时间尺度上明确允许或阻止这些队列进行传输。时间感知整形器用于保护调度流量免受其他流量的干扰，以最小化其排队延迟。本文研究了时间敏感网络中的调度问题，包括计算终端站的周期性传输时刻以及队列门控的周期性开启和关闭。首先简要概述时间敏感网络的功能和标准，阐述时间敏感网络调度问题并解释常见的扩展（包括优化问题），回顾了在此背景下使用的调度和优化方法。随后综述了当前已有研究工作的贡献，提取并整理了优化目标、已解决的问题实例及评估结果，识别了研究领域并分析了具体贡献。最后探讨了潜在的研究方向和未解决的问题。