Quantum computing promises potential for science and industry by solving certain computationally complex problems faster than classical computers. Quantum computing systems evolved from monolithic systems towards modular architectures comprising multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) coupled to classical computing nodes (HPC). With the increasing scale, middleware systems that facilitate the efficient coupling of quantum-classical computing are becoming critical. Through an in-depth analysis of quantum applications, integration patterns and systems, we identified a gap in understanding Quantum-HPC middleware systems. We present a conceptual middleware to facilitate reasoning about quantum-classical integration and serve as the basis for a future middleware system. An essential contribution of this paper lies in leveraging well-established high-performance computing abstractions for managing workloads, tasks, and resources to integrate quantum computing into HPC systems seamlessly.

翻译：量子计算有望通过比经典计算机更快地解决某些计算复杂性问题，为科学和工业领域带来潜力。量子计算系统已从单体系统向模块化架构演变，该架构包含多个量子处理单元（QPU）并与经典计算节点（HPC）耦合。随着系统规模的扩大，促进量子-经典计算高效耦合的中间件系统变得至关重要。通过对量子应用、集成模式及系统的深入分析，我们发现当前对量子-HPC中间件系统的理解存在空白。本文提出了一种概念性中间件，旨在促进对量子-经典集成的理解，并为未来中间件系统的构建奠定基础。本文的核心贡献在于利用成熟的 高性能计算 抽象来管理工作负载、任务和资源，从而实现量子计算与HPC系统的无缝集成。