In the high-mobility scenarios of next-generation wireless communication systems (beyond 5G/6G), the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) deteriorates drastically due to the loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers caused by large Doppler frequency shifts. Various emerging waveforms have been proposed for fast time-varying channels with excellent results. In this paper, we classify these waveforms from the perspective of their modulation domain and establish a unified framework to provide a comprehensive system structure comparison. Then we analyze bit error rate (BER) performance of each waveform in doubly selective channels. Through the discussions on their complexity and compatibility with OFDM systems, we finally give the candidate waveform suggestions.

翻译：在下一代无线通信系统（超越5G/6G）的高移动性场景中，正交频分复用（OFDM）因大多普勒频移导致子载波间正交性丧失，其性能急剧恶化。针对快速时变信道，业界已提出多种性能优异的新兴波形。本文从调制域角度对这些波形进行分类，并建立统一框架以提供全面的系统结构对比。随后，我们分析了每种波形在双选择性信道中的误码率（BER）性能。通过讨论其复杂度及与OFDM系统的兼容性，最终给出了候选波形建议。