Open data initiatives and infrastructures play an essential role in favoring better data access, participation, and transparency in government operations and decision-making. Open Geographical Data Infrastructures (OGDIs) allow citizens to access and scrutinize government and public data, thereby enhancing accountability and evidence-based decision-making. This encourages citizen engagement and participation in public affairs and offers researchers, non-governmental organizations, civil society, and business sectors novel opportunities to analyze and disseminate large amounts of geographical data and to address social, urban, and environmental challenges. In Latin America, while recent open government agendas have shown an inclination towards transparency, citizen participation, and collaboration, only a limited number of OGDIs allow unrestricted use and re-use of their data. Given the region's cultural, social, and economic disparities, there is a contrasting digital divide that significantly impacts how OGDIs are being developed. Therefore, this paper analyses recent progress in developing OGDIs in Latin America, technological gaps, and open geographical data initiatives. The main results denote an early development of OGDIs in the region. Nevertheless, this opens the door for the timely involvement of citizens and non-government sectors to share needs, experiences, knowledge, and expertise, as well as to address a transboundary research agenda. Challenges are discussed from multiple perspectives: data, methodological, governmental and readiness, and potential impact. This analysis is aimed at researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in the specific challenges and progress of OGDIs in Latin America, while also contributing to the global conversation on best practices and lessons learned in implementing OGDIs across different contexts.

翻译：开放数据倡议与基础设施在促进数据获取、提升公众参与度以及增强政府运作与决策透明度方面发挥着至关重要的作用。开放地理数据基础设施（OGDIs）使公民能够访问并审视政府与公共数据，从而加强问责制与基于证据的决策。这鼓励了公民对公共事务的参与，并为研究人员、非政府组织、民间社会及商业部门提供了分析和传播海量地理数据、应对社会、城市及环境挑战的新机遇。在拉丁美洲，尽管近期的开放政府议程已显示出对透明度、公民参与及协作的倾向，但仅有少数OGDIs允许对其数据进行无限制的使用与再利用。鉴于该地区在文化、社会及经济方面的差异，数字鸿沟问题尤为突出，显著影响了OGDIs的发展进程。因此，本文分析了拉丁美洲在OGDI发展方面的最新进展、技术差距以及开放地理数据倡议。主要结果表明该地区的OGDIs尚处于早期发展阶段。尽管如此，这为公民及非政府部门及时参与其中、分享需求、经验、知识与专长，以及共同应对跨领域研究议程提供了契机。本文从数据、方法论、政府与准备度以及潜在影响等多个视角探讨了面临的挑战。该分析旨在为关注拉丁美洲OGDIs具体挑战与进展的研究人员、政策制定者及实践者提供参考，同时亦为全球范围内关于在不同情境下实施OGDIs的最佳实践与经验教训的讨论贡献力量。