As AI writing tools evolve from fixing surface errors to creating language with writers, new capabilities raise concerns about negative impacts on student writers, such as replacing their voices and undermining critical thinking skills. To address these challenges, we look at a parallel transition in university writing centers from focusing on fixing errors to preserving student voices. We develop design guidelines informed by writing center literature and interviews with 10 writing tutors. We illustrate these guidelines in a prototype AI tool, Writor. Writor helps writers revise text by setting goals, providing balanced feedback, and engaging in conversations without generating text verbatim. We conducted an expert review with 30 writing instructors, tutors, and AI researchers on Writor to assess the pedagogical soundness, alignment with writing center pedagogy, and integration contexts. We distill our findings into design implications for future AI writing feedback systems, including designing for trust among AI-skeptical educators.

翻译：随着AI写作工具从修正表层错误发展到与写作者共同创作语言，其新功能引发了人们对学生写作者可能受到负面影响的担忧，例如替代学生个人声音及削弱批判性思维能力。为应对这些挑战，我们考察了大学写作中心从纠错导向到保护学生声音的并行转型。基于写作中心文献及对10名写作辅导员的访谈，我们制定了设计准则。我们在AI工具原型Writor中具体呈现了这些准则。Writor通过设定目标、提供平衡反馈以及开展非逐字生成文本的对话，协助写作者进行文本修订。我们邀请30名写作教师、辅导员及AI研究者对Writor进行专家评审，评估其教学合理性、与写作中心教学法的契合度及整合情境。我们将研究结果提炼为对未来AI写作反馈系统的设计启示，包括为持怀疑态度的教育工作者构建可信赖的设计方案。