In this paper, we study a model relevant to semantics-aware goal-oriented communications. More specifically, observations from an external process are transmitted through status updates to a battery-powered receiver. From these updates, the receiver is informed about the status of the process and if there is sufficient energy, uses them to perform an actuation to achieve a goal. We consider a wireless power transfer model where the destination receives energy from a dedicated power transmitter and occasionally from the data transmitter. We provide the analysis for the Age of Information (AoI). Furthermore, we propose a new metric, namely the \textit{Age of Actuation (AoA) which is relevant when the receiver utilizes the status updates to perform actions in a timely manner}. We analytically characterize the AoA and we show that is a more general metric than AoI. We provide the optimization problems for both metrics, and we numerically evaluate our analytical results.

翻译：本文研究了与语义感知的目标导向通信相关的模型。具体而言，外部过程的观测值通过状态更新传输至电池供电的接收器。接收器通过这些更新了解过程状态，并在能量充足时利用这些更新执行驱动操作以实现目标。我们考虑了一种无线供电传输模型，其中目的地从专用供电发射机接收能量，并偶尔从数据发射机获取能量。我们提供了信息年龄（AoI）的分析。此外，我们提出了一种新指标，即执行年龄（AoA），该指标与接收器利用状态更新及时执行动作的场景相关。我们通过解析方法刻画了AoA，并证明其是比AoI更通用的指标。针对这两个指标，我们提出了优化问题，并通过数值仿真验证了分析结果。