Making data and metadata FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) has become an important objective in research and industry, and knowledge graphs and ontologies have been cornerstones in many going-FAIR strategies. In this process, however, human-actionability of data and metadata has been lost sight of. Here, in the first part, I discuss two issues exemplifying the lack of human-actionability in knowledge graphs and I suggest adding the Principle of human Explorability to extend FAIR to the FAIREr Guiding Principles. Moreover, in its interoperability framework and as part of its GoingFAIR strategy, the European Open Science Cloud initiative distinguishes between technical, semantic, organizational, and legal interoperability and I argue to add cognitive interoperability. In the second part, I provide a short introduction to semantic units and discuss how they increase the human explorability and cognitive interoperability of knowledge graphs. Semantic units structure a knowledge graph into identifiable and semantically meaningful subgraphs, each represented with its own resource that instantiates a corresponding semantic unit class. Three categories of semantic units can be distinguished: Statement units model individual propositions, compound units are semantically meaningful collections of semantic units, and question units model questions that translate into queries. I conclude with discussing how semantic units provide a framework for the development of innovative user interfaces that support exploring and accessing information in the graph by reducing its complexity to what currently interests the user, thereby significantly increasing the cognitive interoperability and thus human-actionability of knowledge graphs.

翻译：使数据和元数据遵循FAIR原则（可发现、可访问、可互操作、可复用）已成为研究和工业领域的重要目标，知识图谱和本体更是众多FAIR化策略的基石。然而在这一过程中，数据与元数据的人类可操作性却被忽视了。本文第一部分探讨了知识图谱中缺乏人类可操作性的两个典型问题，并提出增加人类可探索性原则，将FAIR扩展为FAIREr指导原则。此外，欧洲开放科学云倡议在其互操作性框架及GoingFAIR战略中，区分了技术、语义、组织与法律互操作性，本文主张增加认知互操作性。第二部分简要介绍语义单元，并讨论其如何提升知识图谱的人类可探索性与认知互操作性。语义单元将知识图谱结构化为可识别且具有语义意义的子图，每个子图由其自身的资源表示，并实例化对应的语义单元类。语义单元可分为三类：陈述单元建模单个命题，复合单元是具有语义意义的语义单元集合，问题单元建模可转化为查询的问题。最后，本文讨论了语义单元如何为创新用户界面开发提供框架——通过将图谱复杂性降至用户当前关注的范畴，支持信息的探索与访问，从而显著提升知识图谱的认知互操作性与人类可操作性。