We prove new lower and upper bounds for online coloring of three-colorable graphs, improving classical bounds of Vishwanathan [FOCS'1990] that have stood for more than three decades. For the lower bound against deterministic algorithms, we improve Vishwanathan's $Ω(\log^2n)$ to \(\exp\!\bigl(Ω((\log n)^{1/3}(\log\log n)^{2/3})\bigr)\). For the upper bound of randomized algorithms, we give a randomized algorithm that achieves $O(\sqrt{n})$ improving Vishwanathan's $O(\sqrt{n \log n})$. Technically, for the lower bound construction, we introduce the language of $t$-fold coloring for simpler description of recursive construction, and the notion of post-degree for future control, and use the flexibility of two-sided colors of bipartite graph, constructed using the independent set amplification method of Vishwanathan, as building blocks to ensure three-colorability. The randomized algorithm integrates, in a new way, some of the ideas in offline coloring of Wigderson and Blum with ideas of Vishwanathan in the online setting, such as the degree control from Wigderson, the offline-monochromatic class from Blum, and the anchor-sampling from Vishwanathan and the CBIP algorithm by Lov{á}sz, Saks and Trotter.

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