This study examines the effect of article processing charge (APC) waivers on the participation of Ukrainian researchers in fully Gold Open Access (Gold OA) journals published by the five largest academic publishers - Elsevier, SAGE, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley - during the period 2019-2024. These publishers were selected because, in response to the full-scale war launched against Ukraine in 2022, all five introduced emergency 100% APC-waiver policies for Ukrainian authors. Using bibliometric data from the Web of Science Core Collection, the study analyses publication trends in Ukrainian-authored articles in fully Gold OA journals of these publishers before and after 2022. The results show a marked post-2022 increase in Ukraine's Gold OA output, particularly in journals published by Springer Nature and Elsevier. Disciplinary and publisher-specific patterns are evident, with especially strong growth in the medical and applied sciences. The findings underscore the potential of targeted support measures during times of crisis, while also illustrating the inherent limitations of APC-based publishing models in fostering equitable scholarly communication.

翻译：本研究考察了2019-2024年间，文章处理费（APC）豁免对乌克兰研究人员在五大商业学术出版商——爱思唯尔、SAGE、施普林格·自然、泰勒-弗朗西斯和威利——旗下完全金色开放获取（金色OA）期刊中参与情况的影响。选择这五家出版商是因为，为应对2022年爆发的全面战争，它们均对乌克兰作者推出了100% APC紧急豁免政策。本研究利用Web of Science核心合集的文献计量数据，分析了2022年前后乌克兰作者在这些出版商旗下完全金色OA期刊中的发文趋势。结果显示，2022年后乌克兰的金色OA产出显著增长，尤其在施普林格·自然和爱思唯尔旗下的期刊中。学科和出版商特定的模式明显，医学和应用科学领域的增长尤为强劲。研究结果强调了危机时期针对性支持措施的潜力，同时也揭示了基于APC的出版模式在促进公平学术交流方面的固有局限性。