Industry 4.0 and beyond will rely heavily on sustainable Business Decision Modelling (BDM) that can be accelerated by blockchain and Digital Twin (DT) solutions. BDM is built on models and frameworks refined by key identification factors, data analysis, and mathematical or computational aspects applicable to complex business scenarios. Gaining actionable intelligence from collected data for BDM requires a carefully considered infrastructure to ensure data transparency, security, accessibility and sustainability. Organisations should consider social, economic and environmental factors (based on the triple bottom line approach) to ensure sustainability when integrating such an infrastructure. These sustainability features directly impact BDM concerning resource optimisation, stakeholder engagement, regulatory compliance and environmental impacts. To further understand these segments, taxonomies are defined to evaluate blockchain and DT sustainability features based on an in-depth review of the current state-of-the-art research. Detailed comparative evaluations provide insight into the reachability of the sustainable solution in terms of ideologies, access control and performance overheads. Several research questions are put forward to motivate further research that significantly impacts BDM. Finally, a case study based on an exemplary supply chain management system is presented to show the interoperability of blockchain and DT with BDM.

翻译：工业4.0及更高阶段将高度依赖可持续的商业决策建模，而区块链与数字孪生解决方案可加速其实现。BDM建立在通过关键识别要素、数据分析以及适用于复杂商业场景的数学或计算维度所提炼的模型与框架之上。要从为BDM收集的数据中获取可操作的智能，需要经过审慎设计的基础设施，以确保数据的透明性、安全性、可访问性与可持续性。企业在整合此类基础设施时，应基于三重底线原则考量社会、经济与环境因素，以保障可持续性。这些可持续性特征直接影响BDM在资源优化、利益相关方参与、法规遵从及环境影响等方面的表现。为深入理解这些维度，本研究通过对当前前沿研究的系统梳理，定义了用于评估区块链与数字孪生可持续性特征的分类体系。详细的比较评估从理念范式、访问控制与性能开销等方面揭示了可持续解决方案的可行性。本文提出了若干研究问题以推动对BDM具有重要影响的后续研究。最后，通过一个基于典型供应链管理系统的案例研究，展示了区块链、数字孪生与BDM的互操作性。