In this paper we present the design and evaluation of a UAV-based system aimed at automating inventory tasks and keeping the traceability of industrial items attached to Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags. To confront current shortcomings, such a system is developed under a versatile, modular and scalable architecture aimed to reinforce cyber security and decentralization while fostering external audits and big data analytics. Therefore, the system uses a blockchain and a distributed ledger to store certain inventory data collected by UAVs, validate them, ensure their trustworthiness and make them available to the interested parties. In order to show the performance of the proposed system, different tests were performed in a real industrial warehouse, concluding that the system is able to obtain the inventory data really fast in comparison to traditional manual tasks, while being also able to estimate the position of the items when hovering over them thanks to their tag's signal strength. In addition, the performance of the proposed blockchain-based architecture was evaluated in different scenarios.

翻译：本文提出并评估了一种基于无人机的系统，旨在实现库存任务自动化，并保持附着射频识别标签的工业物品的可追溯性。为应对当前不足，该系统采用灵活、模块化且可扩展的架构开发，旨在强化网络安全与去中心化，同时促进外部审计与大数据分析。因此，系统利用区块链和分布式账本存储无人机采集的某些库存数据，对其进行验证，确保数据可信度，并供相关方使用。为展示所提系统的性能，在实际工业仓库中进行了不同测试，结果表明，与传统人工任务相比，该系统能极快地获取库存数据，同时还能通过标签信号强度在无人机悬停时估计物品位置。此外，还在不同场景下评估了所提基于区块链架构的性能。