Open-source 5G core implementations deploy network functions as always-on processes that consume resources even when idle. This inefficiency is most acute in private and edge deployments with sporadic traffic. Serverless5GC is an architecture that maps each 3GPP control-plane procedure to an independent Function-as-a-Service invocation, allowing scale-to-zero operation without modifying the standard N2 interface. The system decomposes 12~network functions (Release~15-17) into 31~serverless procedures, fronted by an SCTP/NGAP proxy that bridges unmodified RAN equipment to an HTTP-based serverless backend. Evaluation against Open5GS and free5GC across five traffic scenarios (idle to 20~registrations/s burst) shows that Serverless5GC achieves median registration latency of 406-522ms, on par with the C-based Open5GS baseline (403-606ms), while maintaining 100% success across 3,000 registrations. A resource-time cost model shows that the serverless deployment (0.002GB-seconds per registration) is cheaper than the always-on baseline when the cluster operates below a 0.65 duty cycle, when two or more tenants share the platform, or on managed FaaS platforms up to 609reg/s. Under worst-case cold-start conditions where all 31 function pods are evicted simultaneously, the system sustains zero failures and converges to warm-start latency within 4-5 seconds.

翻译：开源5G核心网实现将网络功能部署为常驻进程，即使在空闲状态下也持续消耗资源。这种低效性在流量稀疏的私有网络和边缘部署场景中尤为突出。Serverless5GC是一种架构，它将每个3GPP控制面流程映射为独立的函数即服务调用，在不修改标准N2接口的前提下实现按需缩零运行。该系统将12项网络功能（Release 15-17）分解为31个无服务器流程，前端通过SCTP/NGAP代理将未修改的无线接入网设备连接至基于HTTP的无服务器后端。基于Open5GS和free5GC在五种流量场景（从空闲状态到20次注册/秒突发）的评估表明，Serverless5GC的中位注册延迟为406-522毫秒，与基于C语言的Open5GS基线（403-606毫秒）相当，同时在3000次注册中保持100%成功率。资源-时间成本模型显示，当集群占空比低于0.65、两个或更多租户共享平台、或在托管FaaS平台上负载不超过609次注册/秒时，无服务器部署（每次注册0.002GB-秒）的成本低于常驻基线方案。在最坏冷启动条件下（所有31个函数Pod同时被驱逐），系统仍能维持零故障，并在4-5秒内收敛至热启动延迟水平。