Source observations can improve a target average without estimating the entire shared response accurately. We study this distinction in two independent observational samples whose treatment effects share a rough component and differ by a smoother discrepancy. For power-law treatment overlap known for the analysis, known design density, fixed positive Sobolev radii, and Gaussian noise, we derive matching minimax mean squared error bounds with three regimes. Two explicit source-information thresholds determine the onset of rate improvement and attainment of the source-known rate. A signed local correction explains the thresholds: source observations estimate only the part of the integration functional poorly recovered from the target sample. Direct likelihood lower bounds apply to all estimators. Existing joint reproducing-kernel recovery, which does not require propensity inputs, attains these rates, and standard bias-aware intervals are conditionally honest under the specified class. A supplementary zero-overlap result separates estimation error from residual identification uncertainty. Numerical results illustrate both gains and losses when the total number of participants is fixed. The intermediate rate depends on overlap geometry, while smoothness determines its two endpoints.

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