Understanding the structure of signed weighted networks is essential for analysing complex systems in which relationships between nodes vary both in sign and strength. Despite significant advances in statistical network analysis, there is still a lack of models that can account for both the sign and the strength of interactions in networks. We introduce a multi-layer dissolution exponential random graph modelling framework that enables systematic assessment of structural balance effects. We adopt a fully-probabilistic hierarchical approach that partially pools information across layers, with parameters estimated via an adaptive approximate exchange algorithm. A simulation study shows that the algorithm recovers the layer-specific parameters with small bias. We demonstrate the flexibility and explanatory power of the proposed methodology through an application to the gene interaction network associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, in which a multi-layer signed structure is constructed by progressively thresholding interaction confidence scores, with edge signs derived from pairwise co-expression. The analysis shows that positive co-expression edges embedded in positive triangles are more likely to persist at higher confidence levels, while negative edges whose endpoints share positive partners, which form unbalanced triangles, are preferentially dissolved as the confidence threshold increases.

翻译：暂无翻译