A human body digital twin (DT) is a virtual representation of an individual's physiological state, created using real-time data from sensors and medical test devices, with the purpose of simulating, predicting, and optimizing health outcomes through advanced analytics and simulations. The human body DT has the potential to revolutionize healthcare and wellness, but its responsible and effective implementation requires consideration of various factors. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of the human body DT and proposes a five-level roadmap for its development. The roadmap covers the development of various components, such as wearable devices, data collection, data analysis, and decision-making systems. The article also highlights the necessary support, security, cost, and ethical considerations that must be addressed in order to ensure responsible and effective implementation of the human body DT. The proposed roadmap provides a framework for guiding future development and offers a unique perspective on the future of the human body DT, facilitating new interdisciplinary research and innovative solutions in this rapidly evolving field.

翻译：人体数字孪生（DT）是指个体生理状态的虚拟表征，通过传感器和医疗检测设备获取实时数据构建，旨在借助高级分析技术及仿真模拟实现健康结果的预测、优化与模拟。人体数字孪生有望彻底变革医疗健康领域，但其负责任且高效的实施需考量多重因素。本文系统综述了人体数字孪生的现状与未来前景，并提出五级发展路线图。该路线图涵盖可穿戴设备、数据采集、数据分析及决策系统等组件的开发，同时强调了在实施过程中必须解决的安全、成本、伦理及支撑体系等关键问题。所提出的路线图为未来研究提供了指导框架，为快速演进的人体数字孪生领域开辟了独特视角，促进跨学科研究与创新解决方案的发展。