This paper demonstrates that adopting out-of-place writes is essential for database systems to fully leverage SSD performance and extend SSD lifespan. We propose a set of out-of-place optimizations that collectively reduce write amplification across both the DBMS and SSD layers. We redesign the in-place, B-tree-based LeanStore to write out-of-place and support these optimizations, and evaluate it on diverse OLTP benchmarks, dataset sizes, and SSDs. The final design improves throughput by 1.65-2.24x and reduces flash writes per transaction by 6.2-9.8x on YCSB-A. On TPC-C with 15,000 warehouses, throughput improves by 2.45x while flash writes decrease by 7.2x. Finally, we show that the architecture can seamlessly support novel SSD interfaces such as ZNS and FDP.

翻译：本文论证了采用异地写入对于数据库系统充分发挥固态硬盘性能并延长其使用寿命至关重要。我们提出了一套异地写入优化策略，这些策略共同降低了数据库管理系统与固态硬盘层面的写入放大效应。我们重新设计了基于原地写入的B树结构LeanStore，使其支持异地写入并实现这些优化，并在多种OLTP基准测试、数据集规模和固态硬盘上进行了评估。最终设计方案在YCSB-A基准测试中将吞吐量提升1.65-2.24倍，并将每事务闪存写入量降低6.2-9.8倍。在包含15,000个仓库的TPC-C测试中，吞吐量提升2.45倍，同时闪存写入量减少7.2倍。最后，我们证明该架构能够无缝支持ZNS和FDP等新型固态硬盘接口。