As V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology becomes increasingly prevalent, the security of V2X networks has garnered growing attention worldwide. In North America, the IEEE 1609 series standards are primarily used, while Europe adopts the ETSI series standards, and China has also established its industry standard, YD/T 3957-2021, among others. Although these standards share some commonalities, they also exhibit differences. To achieve compatibility across these standards, analyzing their similarities and differences is a crucial issue. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the three major standards mentioned above, discussing aspects such as certificate formats, signed message formats, and certificate request processes. Additionally, this research evaluates the efficiency of different cryptographic methods, including NIST P-256 and SM2-256, SHA-256 and SM3-256, as well as AES-128 and SM4-128. Finally, the study implements these three major standards on V2X devices and compares the efficiency of message signing and signature verification in V2X systems, providing a reference for the development of a secure certificate management system for V2X networks.

翻译：随着V2X（车联网）技术日益普及，V2X网络的安全性在全球范围内受到越来越多的关注。在北美，主要采用IEEE 1609系列标准；欧洲采用ETSI系列标准；中国也制定了YD/T 3957-2021等行业标准。尽管这些标准存在一些共性，但也存在差异。为了实现这些标准之间的兼容性，分析其异同是一个关键问题。因此，本研究重点分析上述三大标准，探讨证书格式、签名消息格式以及证书请求流程等方面。此外，本研究评估了不同密码学方法的效率，包括NIST P-256与SM2-256、SHA-256与SM3-256，以及AES-128与SM4-128。最后，研究在V2X设备上实现了这三大标准，并比较了V2X系统中消息签名与签名验证的效率，为开发安全的V2X网络证书管理系统提供了参考。