Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Coronary Microvascular Disease (CMD) can lead to insufficient blood flow to the myocardium, affecting millions of people globally. Coronary angiography, one of the most commonly used imaging modalities, offers valuable information that assists in diagnosing these diseases. However, these benefits are not fully understood or utilized in current clinical practice. In this study, a 3D-0D coupled multi-physics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and calibrated to simulate and better understand the process of contrast injection and washout during clinical angiography. A contrast intensity profile (CIP) was introduced to capture the dynamics of coronary angiography data. Additionally, a sensitivity study was conducted to assess the influence of various coronary artery model parameters on CIP. The results demonstrate that the calibrated 3D-0D coupled multi-physics models are physiologically meaningful and produce accurate hemodynamic results. The sensitivity study further reveals that resistance has a greater impact on CIP than capacitance, with higher resistance amplifying this effect.

翻译：冠状动脉疾病（CAD）与冠状动脉微血管疾病（CMD）可导致心肌供血不足，影响全球数百万人。冠状动脉造影作为最常用的成像方式之一，提供了有助于诊断这些疾病的重要信息。然而，这些优势在当前临床实践中尚未被充分理解或利用。本研究开发并校准了一个三维-零维耦合多物理场计算流体动力学（CFD）模型，用于模拟并更好地理解临床血管造影中造影剂注射与廓清的过程。我们引入了造影强度曲线（CIP）来捕捉冠状动脉造影数据的动态特征。此外，还进行了敏感性分析，以评估不同冠状动脉模型参数对CIP的影响。结果表明，校准后的三维-零维耦合多物理场模型具有生理学意义，并能产生准确的血流动力学结果。敏感性分析进一步揭示，阻力对CIP的影响大于顺应性，且更高的阻力会放大这种效应。