Large Language Models(LLMs) trained on large data sets came into prominence in 2018 after Google introduced BERT. Subsequently, different LLMs such as GPT models from OpenAI have been released. These models perform well on diverse tasks and have been gaining widespread applications in fields such as business and education. However, little is known about the opportunities and challenges of using LLMs in the construction industry. Thus, this study aims to assess GPT models in the construction industry. A critical review, expert discussion and case study validation are employed to achieve the study objectives. The findings revealed opportunities for GPT models throughout the project lifecycle. The challenges of leveraging GPT models are highlighted and a use case prototype is developed for materials selection and optimization. The findings of the study would be of benefit to researchers, practitioners and stakeholders, as it presents research vistas for LLMs in the construction industry.

翻译：大型语言模型（LLMs）自2018年谷歌推出BERT后逐渐进入公众视野，这些模型基于大规模数据集训练而成。随后，OpenAI等机构陆续发布了GPT系列等不同类型的大语言模型。这些模型在各类任务中表现出色，已在商业和教育领域得到广泛应用。然而，关于大语言模型在建筑行业中的机遇与挑战，学术界仍知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在评估GPT模型在建筑行业中的应用前景。通过采用批判性综述、专家讨论与案例验证相结合的方法达成研究目标。研究结果表明，GPT模型在项目全生命周期中均存在应用机遇。同时揭示了利用GPT模型面临的挑战，并开发了材料选择与优化的用例原型。本研究为建筑行业大语言模型研究开拓了新的视野，对研究人员、从业者及利益相关者均具有重要参考价值。