This report summarizes the discussions and recommendations from the NSF Workshop on Algorithm-Hardware Co-design for Medical Applications, held on September 26-27, 2024, in Pittsburgh, PA. The workshop assembled an interdisciplinary cohort of researchers, clinicians, and industry leaders to examine foundational challenges and develop a strategic roadmap for algorithm-hardware co-design in medical computing. The workshop focuses on four thematic areas: (1) teleoperations, telehealth, and surgical operations; (2) wearable and implantable medicine, including implantable living pharmacies; (3) home ICU, hospital systems, and elderly care; and (4) medical sensing, imaging, and reconstruction. This report calls for a fundamental shift in how next-generation medical technologies are conceived, designed, validated, and translated into practice. The report recommends that NSF sustain investment in shared standardized data infrastructures and compute infrastructures, develop clinic workflow-aware systems and human-AI collaboration frameworks, promote scalable validation ecosystems grounded in objective, continuous measures, and physics-informed, and enable safe, accountable, and resilient platforms, including virtual-physical healthcare ecosystems, to de-risk translational pathways. The workshop information can be found on the website: https://sites.google.com/view/nsfworkshop.

翻译：本报告总结了2024年9月26日至27日在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡举行的NSF医疗应用算法-硬件协同设计研讨会的讨论与建议。该研讨会汇集了跨学科的研究人员、临床医生和行业领袖，旨在审视医疗计算中算法-硬件协同设计的基础性挑战，并制定战略路线图。研讨会聚焦于四个主题领域：(1) 远程操作、远程医疗与外科手术；(2) 可穿戴与可植入医疗，包括可植入活体药房；(3) 家庭重症监护室、医院系统与老年护理；(4) 医疗传感、成像与重建。本报告呼吁对下一代医疗技术的构思、设计、验证及转化实践方式进行根本性转变。报告建议NSF持续投资于共享的标准化数据基础设施与计算基础设施，开发临床工作流感知系统与人机协作框架，推广基于客观、持续测量及物理信息驱动的可扩展验证生态系统，并构建安全、可靠、有韧性的平台（包括虚拟-物理医疗生态系统），以降低转化路径的风险。研讨会信息详见网站：https://sites.google.com/view/nsfworkshop。