Functional principal component analysis has traditionally focused on processes indexed by Euclidean domains, although functional observations increasingly arise on curved domains. We develop functional principal component analysis for real-valued processes observed at discrete locations on a general Riemannian manifold. We estimate the mean and covariance functions using intrinsic kernel smoothing based on geodesic distance and a normal-coordinate volume correction, with a general weighting scheme accommodating unequal numbers of observations across subjects. We establish $L^2$ and uniform convergence rates for these estimators and derive corresponding error bounds for the estimated eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. These results quantify how manifold dimension, sampling frequency and the weighting scheme affect estimation accuracy and characterize the phase transition between sparse and dense sampling regimes. Simulation studies on the circle and sphere, together with real-data applications, illustrate the finite-sample performance of the proposed methodology.

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