Respiratory acoustic foundation models (FMs) excel at cough classification, yet their ability to predict continuous health quantities from cough audio remains largely unexplored, despite the clinical value of passive age, BMI, and disease probability estimation in settings where physical measurements are unavailable. We introduce the multi-model, multi-target cough regression benchmark evaluating five FMs (OPERA-CT, OPERA-CE, OPERA-GT, HeAR, M2D+Resp) across six targets on three datasets under subject-disjoint protocols, comparing linear, MLP-small, and full MLP regression heads. MLP-small beats the mean-predictor baseline on all tasks and linear probing in 23 of 30 model x task cases, with full MLP overfitting on small clinical data but recovering on larger sets, revealing a dataset size x head-capacity trade-off. HeAR leads within-dataset age regression on Coswara (9.12 yr MAE); its CIDRZ result is excluded from headline claims owing to possible HeAR-CIDRZ pretraining overlap. OPERA-GT is favored over OPERA-CT on age in all three datasets, with the CIDRZ margin within seed variance, extending a generative-pretraining advantage from breath to cough. HeAR and M2D+Resp reach near-full performance at N = 50 samples while OPERA models require N = 400. Cross-dataset transfer is strongly asymmetric as large diverse data generalises to small clinical populations (CoughVID to CIDRZ: -0.17 yr) but not vice versa (CIDRZ to Coswara: +2.43 yr, +26.6%).

翻译：呼吸声学基础模型在咳嗽分类任务中表现出色，然而，尽管在无法获取物理测量的场景下，被动估计年龄、BMI和疾病概率具有临床价值，这些模型从咳嗽音频中预测连续健康量的能力仍鲜有探索。我们提出了一个多模型、多目标的咳嗽回归基准，在受试者分离协议下，评估了五个基础模型（OPERA-CT、OPERA-CE、OPERA-GT、HeAR、M2D+Resp）在三个数据集的六个目标上的表现，并比较了线性、小型MLP和全MLP回归头。小型MLP在所有任务上均优于均值预测基线，并在30个模型×任务组合中的23个上优于线性探针，而全MLP在小规模临床数据上过拟合，但在更大数据集上性能恢复，揭示了数据集规模与头容量之间的权衡。HeAR在Coswara数据集上的数据集内年龄回归中领先（平均绝对误差9.12年）；由于其CIDRZ结果可能存在HeAR与CIDRZ预训练重叠，该结果未纳入主要结论。在全部三个数据集上，OPERA-GT在年龄回归中均优于OPERA-CT，其中CIDRZ数据集上的差距在种子方差范围内，这扩展了生成式预训练从呼吸到咳嗽的优势。HeAR和M2D+Resp在N=50样本时即可达到近乎全部性能，而OPERA模型需要N=400样本。跨数据集迁移表现出强烈的非对称性：大规模多样化数据可泛化至小规模临床人群（CoughVID到CIDRZ：-0.17年），但反之则不成立（CIDRZ到Coswara：+2.43年，+26.6%）。