A key challenge for supporting elastic behaviour in cloud systems is to achieve a good performance in automated (de-)provisioning and scheduling of computing resources. One of the key aspects that can be significant is the overheads associated with deploying, terminating and maintaining resources. Therefore, due to their lower start up and termination overhead, containers are rapidly replacing Virtual Machines (VMs) in many cloud deployments, as the computation instance of choice. In this paper, we analyse the performance of Kubernetes achieved through a Petri net-based performance model. Kubernetes is a container management system for a distributed cluster environment. Our model can be characterised using data from a Kubernetes deployment, and can be exploited for supporting capacity planning and designing Kubernetes-based elastic applications.

翻译：支持云系统弹性行为的关键挑战在于实现计算资源的自动化（去）供应与调度的高性能。其中，资源部署、终止和维护所产生的开销可能是显著影响性能的关键因素之一。因此，由于其更低的启动和终止开销，容器正迅速取代虚拟机成为众多云部署中的首选计算实例。本文通过基于Petri网的性能模型分析了Kubernetes的性能表现。Kubernetes是一款用于分布式集群环境的容器管理系统。我们的模型可利用Kubernetes部署中的数据进行表征，并可用于支持容量规划及基于Kubernetes的弹性应用设计。