Artificial intelligence is transforming our lives, and technological progress and transfer from the academic and theoretical sphere to the real world are accelerating yearly. But during that progress and transition, several open problems and questions need to be addressed for the field to develop ethically, such as digital privacy, ownership, and control. These are some of the reasons why the currently most popular approaches of artificial intelligence, i.e., centralized AI (CEAI), are questionable, with other directions also being widely explored, such as decentralized artificial intelligence (DEAI), to solve some of the most reaching problems. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) of existing work in the field of DEAI, presenting the findings of 71 identified studies. The paper's primary focus is identifying the building blocks of DEAI solutions and networks, tackling the DEAI analysis from a bottom-up approach. In the end, future directions of research and open problems are proposed.

翻译：人工智能正在改变我们的生活，从学术理论领域向现实世界的技术进展与转化正逐年加速。但在这一进展与转型过程中，为确保该领域的伦理发展，需要解决若干开放性问题与议题，例如数字隐私、所有权及控制权。这也是当前最主流的人工智能方法（即集中式人工智能）备受质疑的原因之一，而其他方向（如去中心化人工智能）也在被广泛探索，以解决一些最为深远的问题。本文对DEAI领域的现有工作进行了系统性文献综述，呈现了71项已识别研究的发现。本文主要侧重于识别DEAI解决方案与网络的构建模块，采用自下而上的方法展开DEAI分析。最后，提出了未来的研究方向与开放性问题。