Blockchain technology has become one of the most popular trends in IT over the last few years. Its increasing popularity and the discovery of ever more use cases raises the question of how to improve scalability. While researchers are exploring ways to scale the on-chain processing of transactions, the scalability of the off-chain creation of transactions has not been investigated yet. This is relevant for organizations wishing to send a high volume of transactions in a short time frame, or continuously, e.g., manufacturers of high-volume products. Especially for blockchain implementations such as Ethereum, which require transactions to include so-called nonces (essentially a sequence number), horizontally scaling transaction creation is non-trivial. In this paper, we propose four different approaches for horizontal scaling of transaction creation in Ethereum. Our experimental evaluation examines the performance of the different approaches in terms of scalability and latency and finds two of the four proposed approaches feasible to scale transaction creation horizontally.

翻译：区块链技术已成为近年来IT领域最热门的趋势之一。其日益增长的普及度以及不断被发现的更多应用场景，引发了如何提升可扩展性的问题。虽然研究人员正在探索链上交易处理的可扩展性，但链下交易创建的可扩展性尚未得到研究。这对于希望在短时间内或持续发送大量交易的组织（例如，大批量产品的制造商）具有重要意义。尤其对于如以太坊等需要交易包含所谓“nonce”值（本质上是一个序列号）的区块链实现而言，实现交易创建的水平扩展并非易事。在本文中，我们提出了四种不同的以太坊交易创建水平扩展方法。我们的实验评估从可扩展性和延迟两个方面检验了不同方法的性能，并发现所提出的四种方法中有两种能够实现交易创建的水平扩展。