We introduce a novel approach to automatically synthesize a mathematical representation of the control algorithms implemented in industrial cyber-physical systems (CPS), given the embedded system binary. The output model can be used by subject matter experts to assess the system's compliance with the expected behavior and for a variety of forensic applications. Our approach first performs static analysis on decompiled binary files of the controller to create a sketch of the mathematical representation. Then, we perform an evolutionary-based search to find the correct semantic for the created representation, i.e., the control law. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced approach in practice via three case studies conducted on two real-life industrial CPS.

翻译：我们提出了一种新颖方法，可在给定嵌入式系统二进制文件的情况下，自动综合出工业信息物理系统中控制算法的数学表示。该输出模型可供领域专家评估系统是否符合预期行为，并适用于多种取证应用场景。该方法首先对控制器反编译后的二进制文件执行静态分析，构建数学表示的草图；随后通过基于进化算法的搜索策略为所构建的表示寻找正确的语义，即控制律。我们通过对两个真实工业信息物理系统开展的三项案例研究，验证了该方法在实际应用中的有效性。