Multi-Byzantine Fault Tolerant (Multi-BFT) consensus, which runs multiple BFT instances in parallel, has recently emerged as a promising approach to overcome the leader bottleneck in classical BFT protocols. However, existing designs rely on a global ordering layer to serialize blocks across instances, an intuitive yet costly mechanism that constrains scalability, amplifies failure propagation, and complicates deployment. In this paper, we challenge this conventional wisdom. We present HYDRA, the first Multi-BFT consensus framework that eliminates global ordering altogether. HYDRA introduces an object-centric execution model that partitions transactions by their accessed objects, enabling concurrent yet deterministic execution across instances. To ensure consistency, HYDRA combines lightweight lock-based coordination with a deadlock resolution mechanism, achieving both scalability and correctness. We implement HYDRA and evaluate it on up to 128 replicas in both LAN and WAN environments. Experimental results show HYDRA outperforms several state-of-the-art Multi-BFT protocols in the presence of a straggler. These results demonstrate strong consistency and high performance by removing global ordering, opening a new direction toward scalable Multi-BFT consensus design.

翻译：多拜占庭容错（Multi-BFT）共识通过并行运行多个BFT实例，近年来已成为克服经典BFT协议中领导者瓶颈的一种有前景的方法。然而，现有设计依赖于一个全局排序层来跨实例序列化区块，这种直观但代价高昂的机制限制了可扩展性、放大了故障传播并使部署复杂化。在本文中，我们挑战了这一传统观念。我们提出了HYDRA，这是首个完全消除全局排序的多BFT共识框架。HYDRA引入了一种以对象为中心的执行模型，该模型根据事务访问的对象对事务进行分区，从而支持跨实例的并发且确定性的执行。为确保一致性，HYDRA将轻量级的基于锁的协调与死锁解决机制相结合，实现了可扩展性与正确性。我们实现了HYDRA，并在局域网和广域网环境中对多达128个副本进行了评估。实验结果表明，在存在掉队者的情况下，HYDRA的性能优于多种先进的多BFT协议。这些结果通过移除全局排序展示了强一致性和高性能，为可扩展的多BFT共识设计开辟了新方向。