Ptychographic imaging at synchrotron and XFEL sources requires dense overlapping scans, limiting throughput and increasing dose. Extending coherent diffractive imaging to overlap-free operation on extended samples remains an open problem. Here, we extend PtychoPINN (O. Hoidn \emph{et al.}, \emph{Scientific Reports} \textbf{13}, 22789, 2023) to deliver \emph{overlap-free, single-shot} reconstructions in a Fresnel coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) geometry while also accelerating conventional multi-shot ptychography. The framework couples a differentiable forward model of coherent scattering with a Poisson photon-counting likelihood; real-space overlap enters as a tunable parameter via coordinate-based grouping rather than a hard requirement. On synthetic benchmarks, reconstructions remain accurate at low counts ($\sim\!10^4$ photons/frame), and overlap-free single-shot reconstruction with an experimental probe reaches amplitude structural similarity (SSIM) 0.904, compared with 0.968 for overlap-constrained reconstruction. Against a data-saturated supervised model with the same backbone (16,384 training images), PtychoPINN achieves higher SSIM with only 1,024 images and generalizes to unseen illumination profiles. Per-graphics processing unit (GPU) throughput is approximately $40\times$ that of least-squares maximum-likelihood (LSQ-ML) reconstruction at matched $128\times128$ resolution. These results, validated on experimental data from the Advanced Photon Source and the Linac Coherent Light Source, unify single-exposure Fresnel CDI and overlapped ptychography within one framework, supporting dose-efficient, high-throughput imaging at modern light sources.

翻译：同步辐射和X射线自由电子激光源处的叠层成像需要密集重叠扫描，限制了通量并增加了剂量。将相干衍射成像扩展到扩展样品上的无重叠操作仍是一个未解决的问题。在此，我们将PtychoPINN（O. Hoidn等，《科学报告》第13卷，22789页，2023年）扩展至菲涅耳相干衍射成像（CDI）几何结构中的无重叠单次重建，同时加速传统的多次曝光叠层成像。该框架将可微分的相干散射前向模型与泊松光子计数似然相结合；实空间重叠通过基于坐标的分组作为可调参数引入，而非硬性要求。在合成基准测试中，低计数（每帧约10^4个光子）下重建仍保持精确，使用实验探针的无重叠单次重建达到振幅结构相似性（SSIM）0.904，而重叠约束重建为0.968。相对于具有相同骨干网络的数据饱和监督模型（16,384张训练图像），PtychoPINN仅用1,024张图像即可实现更高SSIM，并可泛化至未见过的照明轮廓。在匹配的128×128分辨率下，每图形处理器（GPU）通量约为最小二乘最大似然（LSQ-ML）重建的40倍。这些结果经先进光子源和直线相干光源的实验数据验证，将单次曝光菲涅耳CDI与重叠叠层成像统一于单一框架，支持现代光源下剂量高效、高通量成像。