Wire harnesses are essential hardware for electronic systems in modern automotive vehicles. With a shift in the automotive industry towards electrification and autonomous driving, more and more automotive electronics are responsible for energy transmission and safety-critical functions such as maneuvering, driver assistance, and safety system. This paradigm shift places more demand on automotive wiring harnesses from the safety perspective and stresses the greater importance of high-quality wire harness assembly in vehicles. However, most of the current operations of wire harness assembly are still performed manually by skilled workers, and some of the manual processes are problematic from different perspectives, such as quality control and ergonomics. There is also a persistent demand in the industry to increase competitiveness and gain market share. Hence, assuring assembly quality while improving ergonomics and optimizing labor costs is desired. Robotized assembly, accomplished by robots or in human-robot collaboration, is a key enabler for fulfilling the increasingly demanding quality and safety as it enables more replicable, transparent, and comprehensible processes than completely manual operations. However, robotized assembly of wire harnesses is challenging in real environments due to the flexibility of the deformable objects, though many preliminary automation solutions have been proposed under simplified industrial configurations. Previous research efforts have proposed the use of computer vision technology to facilitate robotized automation of wire harness assembly, enabling the robots to better perceive and manipulate the flexible wire harness. This article presents an overview on computer vision technology proposed for robotized wire harness assembly and derives research gaps that require further study to facilitate a more practical robotized assembly of wire harness.

翻译：线束是现代汽车电子系统中不可或缺的硬件。随着汽车行业向电气化和自动驾驶转型，越来越多的汽车电子设备负责能量传输及安全关键功能，如操控、驾驶辅助和安全系统。这一范式转变从安全角度对汽车线束提出了更高要求，并凸显了车辆中线束高质量装配的重要性。然而，目前大多数线束装配操作仍由熟练工人手动完成，其中部分手工流程在质量控制和人机工程学等方面存在问题。同时，行业内持续存在提升竞争力和市场份额的需求。因此，在改善人机工程学并优化劳动力成本的同时，确保装配质量成为迫切需求。通过机器人或人机协作实现的机器人化装配，是满足日益严苛的质量与安全要求的关键手段，因为相较于完全人工操作，它能实现更可重复、透明且可理解的流程。然而，由于柔性线束的形变特性，在真实环境中实现其机器人化装配仍面临挑战，尽管已有许多在简化工业配置下的初步自动化方案。此前研究尝试利用计算机视觉技术促进线束装配的机器人化自动化，使机器人能更好地感知和操作柔性线束。本文综述了用于机器人化线束装配的计算机视觉技术，并指出了需要进一步研究以推动更实用化线束机器人化装配的研究空白。