Applying the keyword method for vocabulary memorization remains a significant challenge for L1 Chinese-L2 English learners. They frequently struggle to generate phonologically appropriate keywords, construct coherent associations, and create vivid mental imagery to aid long-term retention. Existing approaches, including fully automated keyword generation and outcome-oriented mnemonic aids, either compromise learner engagement or lack adequate process-oriented guidance. To address these limitations, we conducted a formative study with L1 Chinese-L2 English learners and educators (N=18), which revealed key difficulties and requirements in applying the keyword method to vocabulary learning. Building on these insights, we introduce WordCraft, a learner-centered interactive tool powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). WordCraft scaffolds the keyword method by guiding learners through keyword selection, association construction, and image formation, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of vocabulary memorization. Two user studies demonstrate that WordCraft not only preserves the generation effect but also achieves high levels of effectiveness and usability.

翻译：将关键词法应用于词汇记忆对于母语为汉语、二语为英语的学习者而言仍是一个重大挑战。他们常常难以生成语音合适的关键词、构建连贯的联想以及形成生动的心理意象以促进长期记忆。现有方法，包括全自动关键词生成和结果导向的记忆辅助工具，要么损害学习者的参与度，要么缺乏足够的过程性指导。为应对这些局限，我们开展了一项针对母语为汉语、二语为英语的学习者及教育者的形成性研究（N=18），揭示了将关键词法应用于词汇学习过程中的主要困难与需求。基于这些发现，我们推出了WordCraft——一个由多模态大语言模型驱动的、以学习者为中心的交互式工具。WordCraft通过引导学习者完成关键词选择、联想构建和意象形成三个步骤，为关键词法提供支架支持，从而提升词汇记忆效果。两项用户研究表明，WordCraft不仅保留了生成效应，而且在有效性和可用性方面均达到了高水平。