We propose a hierarchical local electricity market (LEM) at the primary and secondary feeder levels in a distribution grid, to optimally coordinate and schedule distributed energy resources (DER) and provide valuable grid services like voltage control. At the primary level, we use a current injection-based model that is valid for both radial and meshed, balanced and unbalanced, multi-phase systems. The primary and secondary markets leverage the flexibility offered by DERs to optimize grid operation and maximize social welfare. Numerical simulations on an IEEE-123 bus modified to include DERs, show that the LEM successfully achieves voltage control and reduces overall network costs, while also allowing us to decompose the price and value associated with different grid services so as to accurately compensate DERs.

翻译：本文提出一种在配电网馈线主级及次级层面构建的分层地方电力市场（LEM），用于优化协调分布式能源资源（DER）并提供电压控制等关键电网服务。在主级层面，我们采用基于电流注入的模型，该模型适用于辐射状与网状、平衡与不平衡的多相系统。主级与次级市场利用DER提供的灵活性优化电网运行并最大化社会福利。在引入DER的改进型IEEE-123节点系统上的数值仿真表明，LEM能有效实现电压控制并降低网络总成本，同时可分解不同电网服务的价格与价值，从而对DER进行精准补偿。