The Domain Name System (DNS) service is one of the pillars of the Internet. This service allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy-to-remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. DNS acts as a directory that translates the domain names into a corresponding IP address, allowing communication between computers on different networks. However, the concentration of DNS service providers on the Internet affects user security, privacy, and network accessibility. The reliance on a small number of large DNS providers can lead to (a) risks of data breaches and disruption of service in the event of failures and (b) concerns about the digital sovereignty of countries regarding DNS hosting. In this sense, this work approaches this issue of DNS concentration on the Internet by presenting a solution to measure DNS hosting centralization and digital sovereignty in countries. With the data obtained through these measurements, relevant questions are answered, such as which are the top-10 DNS providers, if there is DNS centralization, and how dependent countries are on such providers.

翻译：域名系统（DNS）服务是互联网的基石之一。该服务允许用户通过易记的域名而非复杂的数字IP地址访问互联网网站。DNS充当将域名转换为相应IP地址的目录，使不同网络中的计算机能够进行通信。然而，互联网上DNS服务提供商的集中化影响了用户安全、隐私和网络可访问性。对少数大型DNS提供商的依赖可能导致：（a）数据泄露风险及故障时的服务中断；（b）各国在DNS托管方面对数字主权的担忧。基于此，本研究通过提出一种衡量各国DNS托管集中化程度与数字主权水平的解决方案，探讨了互联网上DNS集中化的问题。借助测量所得数据，本文回答了相关问题，例如排名前10的DNS提供商有哪些、是否存在DNS集中化现象，以及各国对这些提供商的依赖程度如何。