However, building reliable data agents remains difficult because real enterprise data is fragmented across many heterogeneous database systems, with duplicated and inconsistent data, and key information often buried in unstructured text, requiring agents to go beyond just writing SQL or data science scripts to answer questions. Existing benchmarks tackle only individual pieces of this end-to-end workflow (e.g., text-to-SQL over a single database) and are increasingly saturated and contaminated. We present a new benchmark for LLM agents, the Data Agent Benchmark (DAB), grounded in a study of enterprises building production data agents across six industries. DAB comprises 104 queries across 17 datasets and 4 database management systems. On DAB, the best state-of-the-art agent achieves only 57% pass@1. We analyze agent failure modes and distill takeaways for future data-agent development. Our benchmark and experiment code are published at github.com/ucbepic/DataAgentBench.

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