Automatic speaker verification (ASV) plays a critical role in security-sensitive environments. Regrettably, the reliability of ASV has been undermined by the emergence of spoofing attacks, such as replay and synthetic speech, as well as adversarial attacks and the relatively new partially fake speech. While there are several review papers that cover replay and synthetic speech, and adversarial attacks, there is a notable gap in a comprehensive review that addresses defense against adversarial attacks and the recently emerged partially fake speech. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide a thorough and systematic overview of the defense methods used against these types of attacks.

翻译：自动说话人验证在安全敏感环境中扮演着关键角色。遗憾的是，其可靠性因重放和合成语音等欺骗攻击、对抗攻击以及相对较新的部分虚假语音的出现而受到损害。尽管已有若干综述论文涵盖了重放和合成语音、对抗攻击，但在针对对抗攻击及近期出现的部分虚假语音的防御方法方面，尚缺乏全面综述。因此，本文旨在系统性地全面概述针对这些类型攻击所采用的防御方法。