Industrial arms need to evolve beyond their standard shape to embrace new and emerging technologies. In this paper, we shall first perform an analysis of four popular but different modern industrial robot arms. By seeing the common trends we will try to extrapolate and expand these trends for the future. Here, particular focus will be on interaction based on augmented reality (AR) through head-mounted displays (HMD), but also through smartphones. Long-term human-robot interaction and personalization of said interaction will also be considered. The use of AR in human-robot interaction has proven to enhance communication and information exchange. A basic addition to industrial arm design would be the integration of QR markers on the robot, both for accessing information and adding tracking capabilities to more easily display AR overlays. In a recent example of information access, Mercedes Benz added QR markers on their cars to help rescue workers estimate the best places to cut and evacuate people after car crashes. One has also to deal with safety in an environment that will be more and more about collaboration. The QR markers can therefore be combined with RF-based ranging modules, developed in the EU-project SafeLog, that can be used both for safety as well as for tracking of human positions while in close proximity interactions with the industrial arms. The industrial arms of the future should also be intuitive to program and interact with. This would be achieved through AR and head mounted displays as well as the already mentioned RF-based person tracking. Finally, a more personalized interaction between the robots and humans can be achieved through life-long learning AI and disembodied, personalized agents. We propose a design that not only exists in the physical world, but also partly in the digital world of mixed reality.

翻译：工业机械臂需要超越其标准形态，以适应新兴技术的发展。本文首先对四种流行但具有代表性的现代工业机械臂进行分析，通过总结其共性趋势，尝试对这些趋势进行外推与拓展。重点研究基于增强现实（AR）的头戴式显示设备（HMD）以及智能手机的人机交互方式，同时考虑长期人机交互及其个性化设计。实践证明，将AR应用于人机交互可有效增强信息传递与沟通。在工业机械臂设计的基础改进方面，可在机器人本体集成QR码标记，既可实现信息访问，又可增加跟踪功能以便于叠加AR显示。近期实例中，梅赛德斯-奔驰在其汽车上添加QR码标记，帮助救援人员在车祸后评估最佳切割位置以疏散人员。此外，在协作化程度日益提高的环境中必须解决安全问题。因此可将QR码标记与欧盟SafeLog项目开发的射频测距模块结合，该模块既能用于安全防护，也可在近距离与工业机械臂交互时追踪人体位置。未来的工业机械臂还应具备直观的编程与交互特性，这可通过AR头盔显示设备及前述射频人体追踪技术实现。最后，通过终身学习型人工智能与非具身化个性化智能体，可达成机器人与人之间更具个性化的交互。我们提出一种设计理念，使其不仅存在于物理世界，更可部分存在于混合现实的数字世界。