While AI has benefited humans, it may also harm humans if not appropriately developed. The focus of HCI work is transiting from conventional human interaction with non-AI computing systems to interaction with AI systems. We conducted a high-level literature review and a holistic analysis of current work in developing AI systems from an HCI perspective. Our review and analysis highlight the new changes introduced by AI technology and the new challenges that HCI professionals face when applying the human-centered AI (HCAI) approach in the development of AI systems. We also identified seven main issues in human interaction with AI systems, which HCI professionals did not encounter when developing non-AI computing systems. To further enable the implementation of the HCAI approach, we identified new HCI opportunities tied to specific HCAI-driven design goals to guide HCI professionals in addressing these new issues. Finally, our assessment of current HCI methods shows the limitations of these methods in support of developing AI systems. We propose alternative methods that can help overcome these limitations and effectively help HCI professionals apply the HCAI approach to the development of AI systems. We also offer strategic recommendations for HCI professionals to effectively influence the development of AI systems with the HCAI approach, eventually developing HCAI systems.

翻译：虽然AI为人类带来了益处，但若开发不当也可能对人类造成危害。HCI工作的重点正从传统非AI计算系统的人机交互转向与AI系统的交互。我们从HCI视角对当前AI系统开发工作进行了高水平文献综述和整体性分析。我们的综述与分析突显了AI技术带来的新变革，以及HCI专业人士在AI系统开发中应用以人为本AI（HCAI）方法时所面临的新挑战。我们还识别出人机交互中的七大核心问题，这些问题在HCI专业人士开发非AI计算系统时从未遇到过。为进一步推动HCAI方法的实施，我们发现了与特定HCAI驱动设计目标相关的新HCI机遇，以指导HCI专业人士应对这些新问题。最后，我们对现有HCI方法的评估揭示了这些方法在支持AI系统开发方面的局限性。我们提出替代方法，可帮助克服这些局限，有效支持HCI专业人士将HCAI方法应用于AI系统开发。我们还为HCI专业人士提供了战略性建议，使其能够借助HCAI方法有效影响AI系统开发，最终构建出HCAI系统。