Innovation is a key driving force of human civilization. As the body of knowledge has grown considerably, bridging knowledge across different disciplines, where significant innovation often emerges, has become increasingly challenging. The recent advancements in machine learning models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have provided effective access to extensive knowledge sources and shown impressive abilities in reasoning, rendering significant opportunities for interdisciplinary discovery. Our research aims to understand the capabilities of state-of-the-art LLMs in integrating knowledge from different fields for interdisciplinary research (IDR). To address this fundamental problem, we introduce IDRBench, a pioneering framework that includes both datasets and evaluation tasks: (1) IDR Paper Identification, (2) IDR Idea Integration, and (3) IDR Idea Recommendation. Our study on ten mainstream LLMs provides a comprehensive analysis of their behavior and establishes benchmarks and baselines for future research. To the best of our knowledge, IDRBench is the first to provide a comprehensive investigation of LLMs' IDR capability.

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